Traditional bricks are heated at temperatures of more than 1,000 degree Celsius, producing huge carbon dioxide emissions. The race is on to create more sustainable building materials for the construction industry. Because of the increasing integration of the design, science and engineering domains, designers and researchers work to define the compositions of materials or even create materials for desired functions, such as pollution control, climate responsiveness, sound absorption, thermal barriers, shape and colour changing, and biodegradability. Among recent innovations are eco-friendly bricks made of loofah, no-heat bricks made from urine, and structures grown from mushroom mycelium.








