In the circular economy, materials are reused and virtually no waste is created. Most often, it is discussed in relation to architectural objects through the lens of material recycling and design for disassembly, but to get a glimpse into a fully-fledged version of a circular economy, it is worth noting urban-scale projects that hint at some level of self-sufficiency. The projects below explore the strategies used in circular urban environments, from architecture and construction materials to energy production, waste management and food production, as well as the processes and operations that govern these designs, providing insights into the conditions that inform circularity.









