In India, summers are hot and dry with daytime temperatures around 41 °C and nights no lower than 29 °C. That is why local architecture features elements, like courtyards, large overhangs, water bodies, etc., that focus on withstanding heat. In the country’s hot, arid zones, thick, windowless walls are used to keep out the sun’s heat, while courtyards ensure ventilation and fountains provide evaporative cooling to keep interior spaces cool in the hot summers.









